You’re muddying the waters. Static and dynamic have a much clearer distinction between them than “strong” and “weak” typing do. These things aren’t binary but t

You’re muddying the waters. Static and dynamic have a much clearer distinction between them than “strong” and “weak” typing do. These things aren’t binary but that doesn’t mean they are equally descriptive terms. Java is a statically typed language with late binding implemented through subtype polymorphism and its type system has been explored pretty extensively in the literature.