I usually do the bind mounts a little differently: for ii in dev dev/pts proc sys ; do mount --bind /$ii /target/$ii ; done Unmount: umount /target/dev/* /tar

I usually do the bind mounts a little differently: for ii in dev dev/pts proc sys ; do mount --bind /$ii /target/$ii ; done Unmount: umount /target/dev/* /target/* /target This can also be useful on newer systems where systemd systems need to be chrooted. systemd-nspawn --directory /target --boot -- --unit rescue.target