> I'm curious why there is a need for new programming language In a way, this question is answered by your follow up question. > and what purposes they serve

> I'm curious why there is a need for new programming language In a way, this question is answered by your follow up question. > and what purposes they serve that existing languages aren't well suited for New languages are made because existing languages are not well suited for a given purpose. But, I don't think there needs to be a reason at all. The exercise of creating one is its own motivation and reward. For me, I find a lot of the very popular languages to be mundane and boring to work with at best, and painful at worst. I would much prefer to work with Clojure instead of Java. Likewise, I would rather work with ClojureScript over JavaScript. If I still want to work with a Lisp but I need something with a smaller footprint than Clojure I can reach for Janet or Guile Scheme. Currently I am using Janet for writing command line tools and I am exploring building webapps with Janet as well. I like the fact that it can produce statically linked binaries for the major operating systems and it is possible to port to others as well. Although all of those are new languages they are all based on a very old concept (as far as computers are concerned), Lisp. Forth is another old concept that probably seems new simply because it isn't popular. However, I would rather use Forth than C or C++ to program my Arduino because it is interactive and I can program directly on the microprocessor. Overall, I think a lot of companies and individuals choose what is popular because it is viewed as a safe choice. I prefer to explore the fringes because it is more interesting.