I don't think you even need a large graph! People have observed this happening with just two nodes, where one of the nodes is Wikipedia [1] — some website state

I don't think you even need a large graph! People have observed this happening with just two nodes, where one of the nodes is Wikipedia [1] — some website states information they learned on (or copied from) Wikipedia, and then Wikipedia cites that website as a primary source. [1] https://slate.com/technology/2019/03/wikipedia-citogenesis-circular-reporting-problem.html https://slate.com/technology/2019/03/wikipedia-citogenesis-c...