Not all evolution depends on mutation. Genes can exist in a gene pool, but be rare. Selection can change that pretty quickly. Multiple genes can interact to aff

Not all evolution depends on mutation. Genes can exist in a gene pool, but be rare. Selection can change that pretty quickly. Multiple genes can interact to affect traits. etc. You can go from average dog, to a distinct breed of dog (behaviourally or physically) within very few generations. This doesn't require new genes, or many of them. Natural selection can also work pretty fast this way. YNH's theory is that evolution of "superintelligence" is memetic, rather than genetic. Starting at about 100kya, cultural evolution was taking over as the main factor driving behavioural changes. > There's evidence from cultural artifacts that even 100,000 years ago humans were less intelligent then us. The same could be said about 10kya or 1kya. Medieval artifacts are far less sophisticated than ours. The brains are similar.