I think the issues you've enumerated are actually different types of corruption (or not corruption at all) A country preferring copper internet because they ha

I think the issues you've enumerated are actually different types of corruption (or not corruption at all) A country preferring copper internet because they have large stocks of copper (which makes the project cheaper) is arguably the right thing to do. If it turns out it's a bad decision in the long run (because the negative impact of slow internet outweighs the savings brought by the cheap copper), that's just a bad investment. At worst, it's a mismanaged government. An individual doing something to gain personal benefits (i.e. Cheney) is more regular, high level-corruption. Somewhere in between the two, you get regulatory capture. Then you have things like Old Boys' Clubs where you can't get hired in high-paying jobs unless you went to school with the right people. I'd call that an unequal society. These are different types of problems which require radically different solutions.