There is no approach that works for all use-cases when you are dealing with time (there are only various trade-offs). There is the tz database that is correct

There is no approach that works for all use-cases when you are dealing with time (there are only various trade-offs). There is the tz database that is correct for many use cases. It should be available in all languages that you listed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database