They are also evolving though. I don't know about Ruby and PHP but in Python gradual typing via type annotations really makes projects much easier to maintain a

They are also evolving though. I don't know about Ruby and PHP but in Python gradual typing via type annotations really makes projects much easier to maintain and develop these days. While "mypy" (the semi-official type checker tool) still has a long way to go in terms of library support it works really well and helped me to find many issues by analyzing the code, as opposed to running it and finding the issues via tests (or in production). So I think typing has its merits and languages like Typescript really make development safer and code easier to understand, while still making it possible to write and interface with untyped code if necessary.