A couple friends of mine published a paper several years ago covering a few approaches to detecting election fraud based on numerical analysis of the results. I

A couple friends of mine published a paper several years ago covering a few approaches to detecting election fraud based on numerical analysis of the results. I wonder whether the election discussed in this article would pass their test. PDF: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/AD86EEBC2F199E2C8A2FD36BD3799DF9/S1047198700013103a.pdf/what_the_numbers_say_a_digitbased_test_for_election_fraud.pdf https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/c... EDIT: also, the posted article probably deserves a [2018], since it's a discussion of Putin's 2018 re-election, not the recent referendum on (among other things) term limits.