There is some evidence that ratio/octave recognition and preferences for consonant sound are culturally contingent http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/papers/McDermott

There is some evidence that ratio/octave recognition and preferences for consonant sound are culturally contingent http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/papers/McDermott_etal_2016_consonance.pdf http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/papers/McDermott_etal_2016_conso... http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/papers/Jacoby_etal_2019_Bolivia_sung_reproduction.pdf http://mcdermottlab.mit.edu/papers/Jacoby_etal_2019_Bolivia_... Preferences vary individually as well: modern music may feature or favor dissonance (e.g., some forms of metal, electronic)