About TLS: it means the spec requires Gemini to be encapsulated in TLS; the same way RFC 2616 recommends HTTP be encapsulated in both TCP and IP ("HTTP communic

About TLS: it means the spec requires Gemini to be encapsulated in TLS; the same way RFC 2616 recommends HTTP be encapsulated in both TCP and IP ("HTTP communication usually takes place over TCP/IP connections"). Yes, technically they are abstraction violations, but they are commonplace for network protocols. about network instability: it doesn't refer to congestion and packet loss handling in TCP, but to the "Range" feature of HTTP, which allows downloading only a subset of a file, to resume an interrupted TCP connection.