This is definitely outside my area of competence, but I believe that jets that manage to escape the stellar volume only form under a very specific set of circum

This is definitely outside my area of competence, but I believe that jets that manage to escape the stellar volume only form under a very specific set of circumstances: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst_progenitors#Collapsar_model https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_burst_progenitors#Co... I believe current models suggest that a low-metallicity stars (which are the ones who’s core can collage straight to a black hole, with no intermediate neutron star) will typically collapse with no supernova or other visible trace. High mass (> 90 SM) might lead to a GRB, but not a supernovae. You can follow the references at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_supernova https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failed_supernova & the supernova wikipedia page for the gory details.