Wu also conceptualizes information systems/paradigms as a cycle, in which radio developed a lot like the Internet: 1. wild west days; diversity of both content

Wu also conceptualizes information systems/paradigms as a cycle, in which radio developed a lot like the Internet: 1. wild west days; diversity of both content and quality. 2. Winners emerge by both ruthlessness, inside dealing, AND winning on quality. 3. Their "quality" becomes a standard and a cashcow, and begins to stagnate as the formula is milked. At the same time, they continue to starve and/or absorb competitors, which has two negative effects: first, innovation slows or is actively suppressed. Second, (the key point in this context) as the industry centralizes, the few players (or player) remaining becomes a target for pressure groups. And they are all too willing to comply, because at this point they are either monopolies or near-monopolies and are eager to show the government and public (read: advertisers) that they are "serving the public interest", and shouldn't be regulated, investigated, and broken up. (The Hays Code was adopted "voluntarily" by the studios)