Additionally, purchases of corporate debt are not the same thing as issuance of grants to individuals or companies, examples of which are unemployment benefits

Additionally, purchases of corporate debt are not the same thing as issuance of grants to individuals or companies, examples of which are unemployment benefits or a portion of the PPP small business program. Historically, looking back at 2008-2009, purchases of corporate debt by the government either turned a profit or lost very little money. The 'bailouts' had aggressive terms and were repaid. If it does turn into a subsidy, the correct measurement is the difference between what the government pays today and what they sell it for later, or, if it defaults, the bankruptcy settlement value (which in the case of collateralized loans is rarely zero). Not the dollar amount of bonds purchased or money lent. This year, purchasing of corporate bonds has been focused on investment grade debt. It is unlikely they will experience any significant loss on this.