At least in the case of India, colonization ensured that the local population was decimated in terms of access to education and industrial revolution for nearly

At least in the case of India, colonization ensured that the local population was decimated in terms of access to education and industrial revolution for nearly 200 years. After colonization ended, while they inherited British institutions, arbitrary boundaries (which affect them even today) and a closed economy (coming from protectionism and fear of western colonizers) ensured that they couldn't rise from the ashes as fast as other Asian countries.