You are missing the point. Carbs and fat are not metabolized the same, that is my point. > Insulin is not required for fat storage. Insulin provokes fat stora

You are missing the point. Carbs and fat are not metabolized the same, that is my point. > Insulin is not required for fat storage. Insulin provokes fat storage, regardless of any other pathways that may exist. Spiking your insulin with refined carbs is going to provoke fat storage more than the equivalent caloric amount of fat. > Insulin spikes do not create energy out of nowhere and don't suddenly make the same number of input calories multiply. Unfortunately, this "law of thermodynamics" view of things is too simple. > Also, insulin spikes are nearly unpredictable anyway. Carbs aren't necessarily the trigger, protein and fat can be too. Fat has minimal impact on insulin levels. Refined carbohydrates can raise blood sugar very high, requiring a double dose of insulin to get back to baseline. Meals high in protein or more complex carbs will be somewhere in the middle. > I summarized some articles that dispel insulin voodoo here If there's anything that's being dispelled there, it's not something that I actually said. Seems like this is a pet peeve of yours and you're seeing someone else in me.