The fee goes to the miner of the block with the transaction in it, the "next block" in a simplified sense. If you've already mined the next block yourself, you

The fee goes to the miner of the block with the transaction in it, the "next block" in a simplified sense. If you've already mined the next block yourself, you can publish the transaction directly in the block itself instead of loose out to the network like a pleb. Then you'll be effectively guaranteed to get the transaction fee yourself.