I'll never understand why people thought it was a good idea to design static type systems that can't express nullability/non-nullability in the first place. In

I'll never understand why people thought it was a good idea to design static type systems that can't express nullability/non-nullability in the first place. In a Java codebase every single object reference is a potential land-mine, and the only way to be totally safe is to add a null check before every single access or method call. So most people just roll the dice until something inevitably breaks.