I wouldn't say Rust is 'struggling'. Compared to other languages, like say D and Nim, it's doing well. No language could possibly topple its incumbent rivals o

I wouldn't say Rust is 'struggling'. Compared to other languages, like say D and Nim, it's doing well. No language could possibly topple its incumbent rivals overnight. To do this, it would have to have great advantages over existing languages, and excellent interoperability, and an approachable learning-curve. That's essentially a contradiction. If your language offers a new and better way to do things, it pretty much must be unfamiliar to those who use older languages. If the concepts involved were similar, you'd be releasing a library, or publishing a compiler optimisation, rather than developing a whole new language. Perhaps that's a bit of a generalisation though. TypeScript isn't doing anything new, it's just adding an old and familiar feature (static type checking) to an old and familiar language that lacks it. In TypeScript's case, the feature isn't ground-breaking, but it's valuable enough that it may be worth the pain of using a different language.