How do companies find out personal details like race about who runs a business (and actually do it accurately)? Can they also find out things like religion or

How do companies find out personal details like race about who runs a business (and actually do it accurately)? Can they also find out things like religion or ethnicity? Whether it’s corporate data collection or users checking a box, it seems like a good intention that is primed for manipulation - which I guess some companies might gloss over as long as it benefits them.