elsewhere in this thread somebody mentions socat, but you can do it entirely within bash. from https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/more-using-bashs-built-devt

elsewhere in this thread somebody mentions socat, but you can do it entirely within bash. from https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/more-using-bashs-built-devtcp-file-tcpip https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/more-using-bashs-built-... : exec 3<>/dev/tcp/www.google.com/80 echo -e "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nhost: http://www.google.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n" >&3 cat <&3 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23422423 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23422423 has a good point that "everything is a file" is maybe less useful than "everything is a file descriptor". the shell is a tool for setting up pipelines of processes and linking their file descriptors together.