> Did running a ‘cat’ really take more time in '95 than fiddling around the ‘<file’? It does now for a sufficiently large file. And it's even more extreme whe

> Did running a ‘cat’ really take more time in '95 than fiddling around the ‘<file’? It does now for a sufficiently large file. And it's even more extreme when the recipient can do things with a file that it can't do with a pipe. Which isn't to say it's worth bitching about the rest of the time. Edited to add a silly example: $ time cat /dev/zero | tail -c +5000000000 | head -c 10 | xxd 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .......... real 0m2.808s user 0m0.348s sys 0m4.849s $ time </dev/zero tail -c +5000000000 | head -c 10 | xxd 00000000: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 .......... real 0m0.006s user 0m0.008s sys 0m0.004s