I would say that there are indeed many examples of things that are hard to categorize for humans. Sometimes there isn't even a way to categorize things perfectl

I would say that there are indeed many examples of things that are hard to categorize for humans. Sometimes there isn't even a way to categorize things perfectly (there may be a fuzzy boundary between categories). It is for example really hard to train people to figure out if a certain stock is going to be profitable or not - there are many other such examples. This doesn't mean that the kind of thinking that goes on in the human mind is the same as the pattern-matching that goes on in an ANN (for example). Think about how ppl learn to talk. It's not like we expose infants to the wikipedia corpus and then test them on it repeatedly until they learn. There are structures in the brain that have a capacity for language - not a specific language, but language as an abstract thing. These structures are not the same as a pre-trained model. The truth is I don't know enough about cognitive science to properly express what I'm thinking, but I'm pretty sure it's not just pattern matching :D