That can't really be a motivation for not breaking monopolies though, because as you point out, both China and the US have access to everyone's data. So it is r

That can't really be a motivation for not breaking monopolies though, because as you point out, both China and the US have access to everyone's data. So it is reasonable to assume that China and US would have access to everyone's data if a different company was the monopoly or even if multiple different companies provided the access. From the perspective of the government, they don't care. They just require you to tell them what they want to know whenever they ask. Controlling the population via control of the population's digital activities, which often translates to control of the population's physical activities. China is just more ruthless on the level of the market in that if you win in China, it really is winner take all. There are no controls on the market to stop monopolies forming.