China due to very uneven development, but the stratification is more organized and part of the development strategy, i.e. cheap labour makes the construction pr

China due to very uneven development, but the stratification is more organized and part of the development strategy, i.e. cheap labour makes the construction projects and gig service models viable in ways that are not in the west. There's migrant labour / houkou (domestic passport) system that controls the availability of rural labour pools between provinces, hence tier1 cities has a lever to reduce number of poor in the region to amounts sufficient to support industry and businesses. The result is you actually have less visible vagrancy - migrants who can't afford to the city gets displaced to less developed provinces with lower costs. You will not find as many homeless people in a tier1 Chinese city compared to many western countries. At least not anymore, there was a lot in the 90s. Note: it's not an issue of hiding the poor but being able to optimize disparity over regions with different development levels. To dovetail, this system still exist in the west in the form of agricultural migrant workers, their work is outside of populated areas so it's more palatable.