I'm very curious about collaboration in the equation. In the US we have things like github. You have open source via linux and organizations like Apache, etc. W

I'm very curious about collaboration in the equation. In the US we have things like github. You have open source via linux and organizations like Apache, etc. What about the role of standards bodies like the IETF or W3C and industry specific standards bodies. China has none of these. If one reads Anna Lee Saxenians "Cultural Advantage" and the "New Argonauts", you see a lot more missing pieces that are hard to replicate and cultural. Even in the US, Route 128 was usurped by the culture from the SF Bay Area, which has spread to Seattle, Austin and NYC, but at the end of the day these markets are all extensions of the SF Bay Area not challengers presenting a new model detached from SF Bay Area culture, money and networks. Even strong international markets like Taiwan and Israel are extensions of the SF Bay Area. I also would not discount the fact that all tech that matters globally ultimately is written by engineers communicating in English regardless of what country the engineer is from or resides in. That goes a LONG way to establishing tech dominance in the US. China would have to de facto move all its tech even within its borders to English first if they want to usurp that. Not that English guarantees success (see England and other English speaking countries), but it's absolutely a barrier for non-english speaking countries. Every programming language that matters has keywords in English and all the best learning materials are in English. Same for all other tech and science that matters outside of programming as well. All English.