>If you have a once in a century crisis, and still are thinking about saving some millions, while being sure your crisis response will be above billions, your p

>If you have a once in a century crisis, and still are thinking about saving some millions, while being sure your crisis response will be above billions, your policy is already flawed and not much can be done to help you. By the time you're in the crisis, it's too late to make software bulletproof. Not only does that process take time, but it also needs to be integrated with the whole of the research effort up to that point. So you can't pick and choose topics: you need the funding to make bulletproof every potential policy-related model you might need in an emergency. That's where the costs add up, since we don't have a time machine to go back and fund exactly the lines of research we in fact need at the moment.