Yes, that was the point of my second paragraph. It doesn't have to. The systemd d-bus api is only if you want your containers to show up in systemd as well. Fro

Yes, that was the point of my second paragraph. It doesn't have to. The systemd d-bus api is only if you want your containers to show up in systemd as well. From the perspective of a container manager, all you have is your own little hierarchy sitting somewhere in the tree, the parent leaf is not particularly important. This distinction is relevant for ANY combination of container managers under cgroupsv2, for example if you try to run it multiple levels deep (systemd within an lxc container within a docker container or something like that). The situation with LXC is basically the same anyway. You just dump your containers in a sub-hierarchy and if you decide you want to integrate further with that, you have to use liblxc. It's funny that systemd still for some reason gets these long rants directed at it though.