I was wondering about that too. After some research it seems to be something like poverty. I.e., being deprived of decent living conditions, education opportuni

I was wondering about that too. After some research it seems to be something like poverty. I.e., being deprived of decent living conditions, education opportunities employment opportunities, etc. In the paper they used this index which measures deprivation by living location in the UK: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_deprivation_index https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_deprivation_index