There is not much at the federal level and each state does its own thing. California does it better than most. There is a state disability insurance payed throu

There is not much at the federal level and each state does its own thing. California does it better than most. There is a state disability insurance payed through payroll deductions that give up to 52 weeks of coverage and "provides short-term benefits to eligible workers who have a full or partial loss of wages due to a non-work-related illness, injury, or pregnancy." If you qualify it is 52 weeks of coverage. I believe you would qualify if you actually have COVID19 and have to isolate but I don't they will cover you if you are just scared of getting sick. Also most people with good paying jobs will additionally have private short term and long term disability coverage through their employer. I know someone who had unbearable back pain who had to quit his job and the private long term insurance will cover him for 20 years till he reaches retirement. And if structured right, there are no taxes on this income. Lower paying job may not provide the private disability benefits so many rely on the social security long term disability benefit but that is not as good as the private one and they are pretty strict in evaluating.