I think the most extreme version of your point #2 was when health officials and scientists made public statements that masks were ineffective - despite mountain

I think the most extreme version of your point #2 was when health officials and scientists made public statements that masks were ineffective - despite mountains of evidence to the contrary, in order to reserve mask supplies for healthcare works. Spreading misinformation in the name of good. The most clearcut evidence of this was a world renouned epidiamologist admitting exactly this on the podcast This Week In Virology a few weeks ago. I will add the source (also in my comment history) when I get home.