There is a course "The Philosopher's toolkit - how to be the most rational person in any room" at TheGreatCourses.com by Philosophy Professor Patrick Grim. The

There is a course "The Philosopher's toolkit - how to be the most rational person in any room" at TheGreatCourses.com by Philosophy Professor Patrick Grim. The first lecture is about about this very topic. How we think and how to think better. I've ~~listened to some audio lectures once~~ taken the course and since then I am thinking a lot better. No seriously He teaches a lot of tricks and techniques. FOr insstance: Ironclad, airtight validity. Thought experiments. Statistics. Really applying all this takes some effort of course