And don't forget we can do string formatting four ways now! >>> a = 42 >>> b = 'bar' >>> 'foo %03d %r' % (a, b) "foo 042 'bar'" >>> 'foo {:

And don't forget we can do string formatting four ways now! >>> a = 42 >>> b = 'bar' >>> 'foo %03d %r' % (a, b) "foo 042 'bar'" >>> 'foo {:03d} {!r}'.format(a, b) "foo 042 'bar'" >>> f"foo {a:03} {b!r}" "foo 042 'bar'" >>> __import__('string').Template('foo $a $b').substitute(locals()) 'foo 42 bar'