> -- By EXCLUDED.email we could refer to the "old" email value that we are updating. Small nitpick: The excluded table contains the values proposed for inserti

> -- By EXCLUDED.email we could refer to the "old" email value that we are updating. Small nitpick: The excluded table contains the values proposed for insertion, not the values already present in the table (as described in [1]). [1] https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-insert.html https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-insert.html