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I think AirDrop works without a third party, but email passes through numerous hops - often in plaintext on the open Internet - before arriving at an inbox. Ma

• ve55 6y ago
  That's a good example, it's important not to be too pedantic with the definition since everything passes through middleboxes, or at least WiFi/routers or switches. Even so, it seems like the apps that are the most centralized often have the most communication volume, and things like Signal and AirDrop, as nice as they may be, are largely outliers. This is especially the case when we look at group communication, where many participants are involved (Reddit, Twitter, Slack, Discord, etc). I find it very hard to have private group conversations on the Internet due to these platforms, as almost every community is stuck on a completely centralized+proprietary solution by now.