And this ties into the whole field of experiment design, and the design of statistical tests. You often conduct an experiment with the goal of making some kind

And this ties into the whole field of experiment design, and the design of statistical tests. You often conduct an experiment with the goal of making some kind of binary decision. So you figure out what an acceptable risk of type I and type II error would look like, and then you can figure out how much data you need to collect, and where to put the cutoff when analyzing data. But the binary decision “let’s use drug X to treat condition Y”, and the binary decision “let’s investigate the efficacy of drug X on condition Y” each come with radically different tolerances for type I and type II errors.