You're forgetting that there are some businesses that have a special strategic importance for a country, for example airlines or defence-related stuff. The rule

You're forgetting that there are some businesses that have a special strategic importance for a country, for example airlines or defence-related stuff. The rules of capitalism don't really apply to those kind of businesses, because governments would like them to be around even if capitalism itself happens to come crashing down. Also, since a government has to take into account the political fallout from any bankruptcy, e.g. joblessness, the decision to bail out a company can be a rational choice inside capitalism's framework of rules from the government's perspective, especially in countries with a stronger welfare system.