What are those? There are tens of such approaches, many of them practiced at large corps, and in my experience almost none of them deliver the supposed benefit

What are those? There are tens of such approaches, many of them practiced at large corps, and in my experience almost none of them deliver the supposed benefits, with few exceptions (NASA, MISRA) that are cost prohibitive except for very narrow fields. And what does that have to do with “copying large corps” and/or monorepo vs multirepo?