I would say every company that has been around the block for a long time falls somewhat under #2. Some companies have millions and millions of LoC to run their

I would say every company that has been around the block for a long time falls somewhat under #2. Some companies have millions and millions of LoC to run their business and it takes months for someone to wrap their head around some of the systems and be productive... You end up having people in departments that you would rather not lose and will go through great lengths to keep them because the cost of losing the institutional knowledge is just too big.