>> Universities should not be responsible for both education and assessment. > Easier said than done. In more niche disciplines, the only people qualified to e

>> Universities should not be responsible for both education and assessment. > Easier said than done. In more niche disciplines, the only people qualified to evaluate student attainment are other academics in the same discipline. It is actually done in quite a few places. And even when there is no non-academic alternative, at the very least the examiners could entirely come from a different university than the lecturers. In Germany there is the concept of "Staatsexamen" where a government-run examination agency recruits examiners from representatives of the profession and academia.