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While not perfect (we could have definitely acted sooner) the Czech system of handling PPE distribution seems to have worked so far: - banned export of sanitize

While not perfect (we could have definitely acted sooner) the Czech system of handling PPE distribution seems to have worked so far: - banned export of sanitizer and drugs early on - banned sale of FFP3 class respirators to anyone else than healthcare providers and the state - required everyone to wear masks in public of any type (this is rather important as it both prevents asymptomatic carriers from spreading the infection & remove the mask stigma by everyone having one) - this triggered a huge wave of basically everyone with a sewing machine & some fabric making masks, by now (~third week of masks) basically everyone is stocked and is quite easy to buy a had made mask online or get it from your local administration (there are now even some mask vending machines) - started an air bridge from China (various aircraft - from the government, chartered & NATO leased An-124s, planes appropriated from various airlines), so far 500+ tons of PPE and medical supplies have been acquired - material distribution is handled by the state (army, firefighters & sometimes even the police) to all the hospitals, care homes, for police, social workers, etc.

grey-area 7y ago
required everyone to wear masks in public of any type (this is rather important Have any studies been done on this? It seems pretty tenuous to me and lots of assertions about mitigations (from drugs to masks) are being made just now without evidence.
- ceejayoz 7y ago
  Yes. Lots of studies linked in https://medium.com/better-humans/whats-the-evidence-on-face-masks-5f3c27a18cc https://medium.com/better-humans/whats-the-evidence-on-face-.... Turns out stopping droplets helps slow the spread of a virus that spreads via droplets. Shocker, I know.
  - grey-area 7y ago
    Thanks for the link. The vast majority of the studies cited there are in fact in a hospital setting. I'm skeptical masks worn in the street are going to help more than distancing measures, though they'd probably help in crowded environments like public transport (along with hand washing).
    - ceejayoz 7y ago
      They are to be used in conjunction with distancing measures, handwashing, etc. They are not a replacement for it. Here's one on homemade masks; they work better than nothing, not as well as surgical/N95: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526
      - m4rtink 7y ago
        You definitely want to do both & ideally much more. But yet again, even even if mask provided zero protection, as long as it reduces spread from asymptomatic carriers, it is a big win. But for that everyone needs to wear them - which is happening here in Czech republic. Just today a went for a walk through the second largest Czech city. The weather was nice and there were people in the streets, though a lot less than normally, with the usually crowded spots totally empty due to all the restaurants still being closed. To cut things short, the number of people without mask I saw during this hour and a half walk that were not wearing a mask ? 1
        grey-area 7y ago
        Latest advice from the WHO is that masks are not useful outdoors unless you have symptoms. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/07/no-need-for-healthy-to-wear-face-masks-says-who-after-review https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/07/no-need-for-he...
    - GaryNumanVevo 7y ago
      Clearly the effects are at least cumulative. The lowest estimate for transmission with a homemade mask is 50% reduction, that's better than 100%
- slfnflctd 7y ago
  More recent data strongly suggests that even people with no symptoms at low risk who have been sheltering in place should be wearing masks in public. I read an article over the weekend (which I unfortunately can't find now, although I found some similar ones) that described people on a plane with an infected passenger-- the rate of infection for healthy people wearing masks was literally zero, while those without masks was like 40%. I can't verify this now, but I have turned up a lot of articles describing how the official advice has changed on this. I have a friend in a mid-size midwestern town in the U.S. whose mayor just put out a bulletin advising that everyone wear masks.
  - nucleardog 7y ago
    Similarly, there's at least one study out of China related to this recent outbreak showing the infection rate of the front line staff in hospitals (who were given N95 respirators) as zero, while the infection rate among other departments (radiology, etc) which were not wearing masks as much higher. That despite them calculating the front line staff having ~700% more exposure to the virus. I know we want to study and confirm everything, but it seems like a real no-brainer that wearing a mask that filters droplets would reduce your disk of infection from an airborne virus generally spread via droplets. And we're not talking about this in a hospital context, simply as harm reduction. As long as respirators are not an option for most of the general public due to supply issues, etc, then anything which reduces the infection rate is /better than nothing/, even if it isn't perfect.
    - grey-area 7y ago
      I think you and others are making a lot of assumptions here - outside a hospital setting with trained staff and fitted masks to keep out virus-saturated air other vectors may be far more important. There are reasons health experts around the world have not bothered to recommend general wearing of masks before other measures. Most people don't have the discipline to wear masks properly, not touch them, sterilise them, clean masks and all their clothes when they get in etc.
      - 7y ago
- DanBC 7y ago
  You asked for studies but you're going to get a bunch of Medium blog posts written by tech-bros who've half-read, and misunderstood, a bunch of research that says that masks don't really do much to stop droplets getting in nor getting out and that masks are probably not useful to prevent covid-19 There's a delusional belief on HN that the only way people are infected is by breathing in droplets, and all the other routes (fecal-oral, ocular, hand to mouth nose or eyes) are ignored, even those these are probably the main route of infection.
  - ceejayoz 7y ago
    I'm sure you'll be citing studies that demonstrate this, right?
- WhiteSage 7y ago
  There is no denying that wearing masks slows the spread. But how much do fabric masks with no filter, which allow most droplets through, slow the spread? I would appreciate any in reference to studies/indications on which fabrics might be appropriate.
  - ceejayoz 7y ago
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 > Both masks significantly reduced the number of microorganisms expelled by volunteers, although the surgical mask was 3 times more effective in blocking transmission than the homemade mask. Stopping droplets entirely isn't as critical as slowing them down. That's why the homemade masks still require the six foot social distancing.

grey-area 7y ago

required everyone to wear masks in public of any type (this is rather important Have any studies been done on this? It seems pretty tenuous to me and lots of assertions about mitigations (from drugs to masks) are being made just now without evidence.

ceejayoz 7y ago
Yes. Lots of studies linked in https://medium.com/better-humans/whats-the-evidence-on-face-masks-5f3c27a18cc https://medium.com/better-humans/whats-the-evidence-on-face-.... Turns out stopping droplets helps slow the spread of a virus that spreads via droplets. Shocker, I know.
- grey-area 7y ago
  Thanks for the link. The vast majority of the studies cited there are in fact in a hospital setting. I'm skeptical masks worn in the street are going to help more than distancing measures, though they'd probably help in crowded environments like public transport (along with hand washing).
  - ceejayoz 7y ago
    They are to be used in conjunction with distancing measures, handwashing, etc. They are not a replacement for it. Here's one on homemade masks; they work better than nothing, not as well as surgical/N95: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526
    - m4rtink 7y ago
      You definitely want to do both & ideally much more. But yet again, even even if mask provided zero protection, as long as it reduces spread from asymptomatic carriers, it is a big win. But for that everyone needs to wear them - which is happening here in Czech republic. Just today a went for a walk through the second largest Czech city. The weather was nice and there were people in the streets, though a lot less than normally, with the usually crowded spots totally empty due to all the restaurants still being closed. To cut things short, the number of people without mask I saw during this hour and a half walk that were not wearing a mask ? 1
      - grey-area 7y ago
        Latest advice from the WHO is that masks are not useful outdoors unless you have symptoms. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/07/no-need-for-healthy-to-wear-face-masks-says-who-after-review https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/07/no-need-for-he...
  - GaryNumanVevo 7y ago
    Clearly the effects are at least cumulative. The lowest estimate for transmission with a homemade mask is 50% reduction, that's better than 100%
slfnflctd 7y ago
More recent data strongly suggests that even people with no symptoms at low risk who have been sheltering in place should be wearing masks in public. I read an article over the weekend (which I unfortunately can't find now, although I found some similar ones) that described people on a plane with an infected passenger-- the rate of infection for healthy people wearing masks was literally zero, while those without masks was like 40%. I can't verify this now, but I have turned up a lot of articles describing how the official advice has changed on this. I have a friend in a mid-size midwestern town in the U.S. whose mayor just put out a bulletin advising that everyone wear masks.
- nucleardog 7y ago
  Similarly, there's at least one study out of China related to this recent outbreak showing the infection rate of the front line staff in hospitals (who were given N95 respirators) as zero, while the infection rate among other departments (radiology, etc) which were not wearing masks as much higher. That despite them calculating the front line staff having ~700% more exposure to the virus. I know we want to study and confirm everything, but it seems like a real no-brainer that wearing a mask that filters droplets would reduce your disk of infection from an airborne virus generally spread via droplets. And we're not talking about this in a hospital context, simply as harm reduction. As long as respirators are not an option for most of the general public due to supply issues, etc, then anything which reduces the infection rate is /better than nothing/, even if it isn't perfect.
  - grey-area 7y ago
    I think you and others are making a lot of assumptions here - outside a hospital setting with trained staff and fitted masks to keep out virus-saturated air other vectors may be far more important. There are reasons health experts around the world have not bothered to recommend general wearing of masks before other measures. Most people don't have the discipline to wear masks properly, not touch them, sterilise them, clean masks and all their clothes when they get in etc.
    - 7y ago
DanBC 7y ago
You asked for studies but you're going to get a bunch of Medium blog posts written by tech-bros who've half-read, and misunderstood, a bunch of research that says that masks don't really do much to stop droplets getting in nor getting out and that masks are probably not useful to prevent covid-19 There's a delusional belief on HN that the only way people are infected is by breathing in droplets, and all the other routes (fecal-oral, ocular, hand to mouth nose or eyes) are ignored, even those these are probably the main route of infection.
- ceejayoz 7y ago
  I'm sure you'll be citing studies that demonstrate this, right?
WhiteSage 7y ago
There is no denying that wearing masks slows the spread. But how much do fabric masks with no filter, which allow most droplets through, slow the spread? I would appreciate any in reference to studies/indications on which fabrics might be appropriate.
- ceejayoz 7y ago
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24229526 > Both masks significantly reduced the number of microorganisms expelled by volunteers, although the surgical mask was 3 times more effective in blocking transmission than the homemade mask. Stopping droplets entirely isn't as critical as slowing them down. That's why the homemade masks still require the six foot social distancing.