DNA is made out of nucleic acids. Each sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides codes for an amino acid. There are 21 amino acids. How DNA -> proteins is well understood.

DNA is made out of nucleic acids. Each sequence of 3 DNA nucleotides codes for an amino acid. There are 21 amino acids. How DNA -> proteins is well understood. Protein folding though is incredibly complex to model. It is easy to know the amino acid sequence, but hard to know how the protein will end up folding.