I'm not an MBA or Business expert, but I think the answer to #1 is probably the same answer to the question "why are big businesses often less innovative and ni

I'm not an MBA or Business expert, but I think the answer to #1 is probably the same answer to the question "why are big businesses often less innovative and nimble than small ones?" Common answers to this question are not-invented-here syndrome, legacy costs, risk aversion, regulatory capture, etc. On #2, I think we can agree that unions do often end up with a monopsony on labor, and that can be bad. Generally, the best things unions have done over the years have been the things that have generalized to the entire labor force, not just union members, so there's that. That said, there is competition between unions for some locals, so a monopsony is not necessarily the end state. For example, there are state employees represented by dedicated state employee unions, and other state employees represented by the Teamsters, despite no connection to the teamster's traditional members in the transportation industries.