The mentioned "endemic anti-Americanism" of postwar France was very widespread. It was found among the SFIO and diverse left, of course, for evident reasons. Bu

The mentioned "endemic anti-Americanism" of postwar France was very widespread. It was found among the SFIO and diverse left, of course, for evident reasons. But it was also a component of Gaullism, I think as a chafing at having to play on the team of new postwar Anglo-American order, which replaced the Anglo-French upon the latter's defeat in 1940. France had been shuffled down to maybe 4th or 5th place on the world stage, after the Four Policemen (US, UK, USSR, China). In any event that was a contributor to France's withdrawal from NATO's military command, which happened under de Gaulle. In technological terms they had a fiercely independent attitude, coupled with strong state control (dirigisme), which led to a fascinating sort of parallel path of technological development. Instead of the military (ARPA) or private initiative (Bell), a lot of innovation came directly from conscious French governmental efforts. France had one of the highest rates of industrial espionage against the US during the Cold War - to the benefit of companies like Bull - but it was overlooked so as to keep them "inside the tent". They also invested heavily into domestic initiatives like Sophia Antipole and Minitel, which operated even into the 2010s.