> As Torbjörn commented, Smolin is considered a fringe figure in the field and has not had the compelling successes required for his theory of the evolution of

> As Torbjörn commented, Smolin is considered a fringe figure in the field and has not had the compelling successes required for his theory of the evolution of the universe to become mainstream. Fringe is an exaggeration. Smolin is certainly a dissident in theories of quantum gravity. I would imagine most physicists, including myself, are not impressed by his convictions about various aspects of reality. But at the same time, I think most physicists share his view that string theory is not likely to be fruitful anytime soon. Historically, quantum mechanics, which unites the physics of light and matter, was discovered only after many mathematical developments in both fields that led to the two analogous theories of the principle of least time and the principle of least action. By contrast, the exegesis of quantum mechanics and general relativity has only just begun. Smolin has gained notoriety by appealing to this sense of doubt. "Fringe" however is a term more commonly applied to arguments and theories widely believed to be without merit. That would be an unfair characterization here.