> Both Rust and Haskell wrap values that can fail in little boxes, and to get them out you have to check which type of value it is, and in C# there's nothing st

> Both Rust and Haskell wrap values that can fail in little boxes, and to get them out you have to check which type of value it is, and in C# there's nothing stopping you from returning null and not telling anyone that you can return null, and just assuming people will check for null all the time. F# is the .NET citizen that does the equivalent of the Rust or Haskell stuff. Either you use an option type (https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/the-option-type/ https://fsharpforfunandprofit.com/posts/the-option-type/) which is an easy way of making a function that says 'user says to find a record with the name of Bob, and you will either get a return type of Some record(id:1,name:bob), or you will get a return type of None' let GetThisRecord(name) = if SomeDatabaseLookup(name).IsSome then Some record(SomeDatabaseLookup(name).Value) // not idiomatic but works and is faster than a match else None Or you use the Success/Failure type (see railway oriented programming)