Terminals are definitely Unicode-aware. Grapheme clusters are very important to get right because the terminal emulator must be in sync with the app running ins

Terminals are definitely Unicode-aware. Grapheme clusters are very important to get right because the terminal emulator must be in sync with the app running inside it about where the cursor is located. Basically, this means you have to deal with combining marks properly, including Emoji stuff. Very few terminal emulators go as far as attempting BiDi support. Egmont Koblinger has done some amazing work speccing this out and implementing it in VTE. More here: https://terminal-wg.pages.freedesktop.org/bidi/ https://terminal-wg.pages.freedesktop.org/bidi/ Some day I'd like to support this in iTerm2, but it's a breathtakingly large amount of work.