Have a look at (silica) aerogels https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel they are in widespread commercial use. As another

Have a look at (silica) aerogels https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerogel they are in widespread commercial use. As another commenter noted the shuttle tiles are not made of aerogel but they are indeed silica based.