Everybody has worshipped at the altar of efficiency for so long that they don’t understand that if you don’t have extra capacity you have no ability to deal wit

Everybody has worshipped at the altar of efficiency for so long that they don’t understand that if you don’t have extra capacity you have no ability to deal with unexpected events. Well said. This seems to be the critical point to me, although it's not a brand new idea. Since JIT became very popular, there have been multiple occasions in various industries where we've seen the negative effects of not having any surplus capacity.