There is a simple explanation why the spread in Germany seems so much higher. If we look at how the virus spread in Germany we get a very good explanation. It

There is a simple explanation why the spread in Germany seems so much higher. If we look at how the virus spread in Germany we get a very good explanation. It all started with a small cluster around Munich that showed up around the end of January ( 27th ) as the first confirmed case in Germany came back from business travel to China that was contained rather quickly as everyone involved did a great job isolating and breaking the infection chain and everyone involved recovered without severe symptoms just like any other flu for most mid-aged and healthy people. Then for a good month there were no confirmed cases, so no more drastic containment measures were taken. After that the Government carelessly allowed Carnival in Germany to happen thinking they contained the virus and severely underestimating the threat it could pose. Carnival is one of the biggest celebrations in Germany each year with millions of people from all over the country coming to see, especially the Cologne Carnival on the 24th of February. While in general you are not wrong when you say "Germany is hardly famous for close physical contact with strangers” the carnival season and Oktoberfest are the two occasions where Germans do voluntarily have a ton of contact with strangers and party heavily. The Rhineland is famous for their carnival all over Europe and in some parts of the world. If you look at pictures of it you’ll see what kind of nightmare this is if you have a potentially deadly pathogen spreading silently during the celebration from an epidemiologist point of view. Three days later a couple from the region were the second and third confirmed cases that heavily participated in the celebrations while already being sick. Remember Covid-19 can be contagious up to 14 days before a patient shows symptoms. On top of that there was no chance to break the infection chain because the man is still in critical care and couldn't talk to officials and the woman had no idea where they could have been infected because they had contact with hundreds, possibly thousands of people over the course of the celebration days until the husband fell critically ill. So the lack of care from the Government together with gathering of hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country in close proximity, kissing, drinking and standing head to head in a crowd paired with that there were no tests done on people with covid-19 symptoms for a whole month between the munich and heinsberg cases is most likely the reason for the explosion in case numbers. Also remember we are basically looking into the past up to 14 days as people who need hospitalization now have been infectious for up to that timeframe and just now start getting very sick. This is an incredible different pathogen to deal with and easy to underestimate because of this. To fight a pandemic you need to know the number of infected people, if you know someone is infected that gives you a fighting chance to break the infection chain if you isolate all people they have been in contact with. Unfortunately because of the huge celebrations this was impossible to do and we are where we are now. "while everybody else is underestimating by a factor of 10 to 50 or more" this could very well be the case. With the numbers of infected people we see travelling outside Iran there are estimatons that a large part of the population is already infected. 7.5 Million people registered on an Iranian website that allowed for symptom screening. You usually don't register for such a site if you don't have any symptons that could be related to Covid-19. Just to show the difference between the real reported numbers and what could be likely. If you ask about the containment measures, yes they work incredibly well, but at the cost of gigantic economic damage and right now I don’t want to be in the shoes of any leader in any country that basically has to decide between saving lifes now and that there also needs to be a good future for the survivors of this crisis afterwards. It’s horrible to think that up to 25% of a certain population and age could die. But it’s equally frightening to think that depending how long this takes millions of people and their families could lose their homes, jobs and potentially starve because we have an almost complete economic shutdown across all sectors.